The Events That Occur Within Genocide - 966 Words

One very profound characteristic of the events that occur within genocide is how one group becomes the dominating leader over the group whom they are targeting. Most of the time, the group that is targeted is the group that inhabits the lowest people within that countries’ society. This explicit event occurs in both with the Aborigines in Australia and the Herero/Nama in South-West Africa. Both places endured a genocide that targeted the group of people within each society that the world believed would not survive unless someone intervened on the Aborigines and Herero/Nama s’ behalf. However as time would tell, those whom believed they were improving these societies†¦eventually saw that they instead ruined the lives of those whom lived during these events. During the 1800’s until the 1920s, the Aboriginal population digressed from nearly 500,000 members to roughly 30,000 because of those whom were new within the land, such as private settlers, colonial autho rities, and squatters. During this prolong amount of time, only 20,000 members of the Aborigine society was murdered and between 20,000 to 35,000 children were removed from the families. The aborigines were considered as the inferior individuals within Australia. They were often referred to as â€Å"dispersed kangaroos† because of their distinctive features and their actions (such as bathing with sand) that demonstrated to the squatters that they were something rather than human beings (55). The settlers proclaimed that theShow MoreRelatedWe Cry On The Inside : Image Theater And Rwanda s Culture Of Silence1688 Words   |  7 PagesClearly in Rwandan society there is an idea that personal problems are just that, personal. This specifically applies to the causes of the genocide. While people are apt to discuss their personal experiences of the genocide, they rarely mention the underlying feelings of friction between Hutu vs. Tutsi (Buckley-Zistel 1). This cultural silence surr ounding the genocide also applies to Rwandan Patriotic Front war crimes, the history of Rwandan ethnic groups, the government’s promotion of unity while beingRead MoreThe World Reacted Towards The Act Of Genocide Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesMerriam-Webster dictionary defines genocide as â€Å"the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group† . Killing groups of people based on their religious preference, sexual orientation, and even just for punishment. You might be thinking, what actually causes a person (or leader) to commit genocide? How has the world reacted towards the act of genocide? Finally, what groups have been affected by genocide? Many reasons as to why genocide occurs, it is because a leader or groupRead MoreThe Measure Of The Impact Of The Genocide1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe measure of the impact of the genocide is an often-touched upon subject in both books. Again, Fujii’s perspective tends to measure the impact of the genocide on individuals (though the national and international impact is mentioned), whereas Destexhe’s writing focuses on the macro-level impacts on both the country of Rwanda, as well as the international community. This is one aspect where I believe that Fujii’s method of analysis falls short when compared to Destexhe. While Fujii’s interviewsRead MoreGenocides Past and Present Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesGenocides Past and Present Genocide, a dire event, has been recurring time and time again throughout history. In the past, there was the Holocaust, where Hitler exterminated over six million Jews based on his anti-semitic views. Elie Wiesel, a Jewish author, has become a very influential man in educating the world of the true events of the Holocaust due to his involvement in the disaster. Presently, a genocide is occurring in the Darfur region of southern Sudan, in which according to Cheryl GoldmarkRead MoreGenocide from the Jews in the Holocaust to the Mayans in Guatemala848 Words   |  4 Pageslife event about an experiment. This experiment, conducted in 1969 by Ron Jones in Palo Alto, California, proves how effortlessly fascism can corrupt people. This experiment begins with a student’s question about the Holocaust which Jones cannot answer. The Holocaust was a horrific event that occurred from 1933 to 1945. This atrocity was initiated by Adolf Hitler, who tortured and murdered over eleven million Jewish people in extermination camps. Today, the Holocaust is considered â€Å"genocide,† aRead MoreHuman Rights Within The World1313 Words   |  6 Pagesafter the horrors of the 20th century as illustrated by war, genocide, expulsion, and mass sterilization. As a key factor to the existence of the charter of human rights, war, and specifically, World War I and II, had various inter-ethnic conflicts such as genocide, that were completely necessary for these rights to emerge. Genocide, under the article II of the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, alludes the concept of an eradication of a particular groupRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide899 Words   |  4 Pagesmistakes of the past. Certain events, especially tragedies that could have been avoided, hold within them the lessons and wisdom that should be used to prevent similar disasters. The 1994 Rwandan genocide resulted in over 800, 000 deaths of the Tutsi people, at the hands of the Hutu; the genocide, and the international response to it, is a lesson about the humanitarian responsibilities, successes, and shortcomings of the United Nations. The events leading up to the Rwandan genocide began decades earlierRead MoreThe Horrors of Genocide: Night, by Elie Wiesel1699 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the Holocaust. Many believe that this sort of event could not occur in the current time period because people have become more civilized and tolerable to the differences of others, but sadly the world is not ready to contain a social utopia. The mass murder, and violence that is occurring in Darfur is one of the many things that shows that the world is far from achieving this social utopia. Throughout history, many occurrences of genocide have occurred due to the diversity of people and evenRead MoreAn Imperfect Offering by James Orbinski1250 Words   |  5 Pagesto stay on the field. In Rwanda, the genocide began on 6 April 1994, and two days later the _______(RPF) entered Rwanda and the country was now in a civil war and genocide. However, the killings in Rwanda in international news was portrayed as tribal fighting, a kind of â€Å"Hobbesian violence† inevitable in places like Africa. No one wanted to admit that Rwanda, with the backing of the West was a highly competent, and organized state. In addition, once the genocide began the United Nations Security CouncilRead MoreThe Killings And Destruction Of Cultures Throughout The Us, Australia, And German South Africa1750 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent perspectives. Comparing four cases of genocide which formed in the United States, Australia, British India and German Southwest Africa, allows for a better comprehension of genocide as defined by the UN Convention. The four cases raise question as to why we can consider the cases to be genocide, and what similarities and differences each case has. Considering the UN definition , I acknowledge all but the British Indian case to be genocide. There are multiple similarities between the mass

Physical Health Does Affect Education - 1453 Words

Physical health does affect Education During school kids can have many factors affecting their education. One of the main factors is their physical health. Physical health affects everything because if your body doesn’t want to correspond then you can’t do well. One can get too stressed and they can stop eating and if people don’t eat they don’t perform well in school. One can get ill leading them to stop going to school for a while and their education starts to get affected. Girls can also have sexual interaction leading to pregnancy and they can stop their education and continue it later or stop for good. Also if teenagers get injured they can be in the hospital for a time leading them to fail. Physical health affects education because†¦show more content†¦If a child experiences an elevation in their blood pressure it can lead to a stoke, it leads to a stoke by damaging the brain’s blood vessels causing them to leak. If the brain is not healthy it affects your grades because the child will experience hard challenges and it will not correspond. Also if the elevation of blood pressure is occurring it will cause the blood to create clots in the arteries leading to your brain, blocking blood flow and it will most likely cause a stroke. If the child dies because of the stroke they won’t continue school because there is no them that gets up early to get to school. Because of stress children/ teenagers can create eating disorders which affect their whole life. A person will get really stressed out about not doing their work that they would rather do their work instead of eating or they will get what’s closer to them and over eat. As students don’t eat they don’t think about the consequences and the consequences are anorexia and bulimia. Although both eating disorders are related to emotional pain, students won’t even realize the eating habits their changing that are causes to these eating disorders. On one hand if a student doesn’t eat it will cause them to perform badly in school, a student who is not healthy is most likely to have poor grades

HIPA A Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process Free Essays

Introduction AIDS. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is found to be in the immune system of the affected body and it focuses on destroying the CD4 and T cell, which actually helps fight off diseases. It was said that a person will be able to tell when they are experiencing HIV because they will get flu symptoms or not even get symptoms until months or years down the line. We will write a custom essay sample on HIPA A Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) arrives at the end stages of HIV. AIDS begins to come when the immune system can no longer defend it self from diseases. HIV is often transmitted through sexual activity within partners or IV drug use, such as sharing needles. Also, it was said from people that AIDS was initially thought to be a disease for gay males and that stigma has stuck but it was clear that women and children of all ages, sexual orientations and races can also be the victims of HIV and AIDS. Understanding what exactly the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is all about help people to understand the implications of HIV and AIDS from the perspective of HIPPA confidentiality. In 1996 it was Congress that enacted HIPAA to prevent patient’s personal health information from being used by people who was not given permission or allowed too. HIPAA restriction was given permission to be allowed on medical records and the way information is handled and which party has access to the information. HIPAA operates in four different ways and not only that but they are broken down into four parts. First will be the portability part, this is what gives people the chance to get insurance coverage. Second will be the transaction, this control the way you are to file a claim and also any other information that falls in this category. Than you have third and fourth, which is security and privacy and by the way I believe is most important. The HIPAA Privacy Rule informs the national standards for protecting all patients’ privacy of health information of any sort. Any type of medical information that contains patient’s personal identifiers must protected access no exception what so ever. Something else is HIPAA requires that an organization must define who has access to PHI and just how much of the patient personal information is accessible. HIPAA affects billing process by making sure that patient demographics are up to date and kept confidential. Within the patient files it should be an authorization letter to allow a practice to use any of the confidential information and to bill that patient information to their carrier for services. If this authorization letter is not on file the practice may not for any reason release or disclose any patient’s information that falls under treatment that the patient has had in the past. All of the patient’s medical records, reports and other important clinical materials are l egal documents that belong to the person who created them. But for any reason the provider cannot withhold any of the information in the records unless providing it would be detrimental to the patients’ health. The medical insurance specialist handles any issues, such as requests for information from patient records. It is recommended that they are trained to know what information can be released about patients’ conditions and treatments. Concerning HIPAA regulations a patient’s healthcare provider and his entire staff must adhering and demonstrating to the regulations of HIPAA. HIPAA demands privacy regarding a patient’s personal information. That includes diagnose as well as information regarding sexuality and history of drug use. This applies to all diagnoses, but because of the social stigmas mentioned earlier, people are even more sensitive when it comes to AIDS disclosures. There are always steps that can be done to be absolutely sure that everyone practices compliance with HIPAA. One would be to check your privacy guidelines, by browsing through the HIPAA privacy and security guidelines occasionally to make sure that you stay up to date with all guidelines. You can also make sure that you are in compliance by being sure that all employee’s along with everyone that comes in contact with the patient are trained and that they attend training at least two to three times a year. This is somethin g that should be recommended because of how HIPPA changes it’s’ rules. It is also good to be sure that any business that’s involved has a written agreement in place over regulations to be on the safe side. All Incidents should be handled right away when the matter occurs as well handled immediately with all documents in place. To make sure that any violation that has occurs and reported their can be no retaliation against the reporting party. Reviewing the systems activity on a daily basis to ensure that there is no suspicious activity that you are not aware of is a also something that would be a good thing to do. By the way research shows in the past there have been some cases of medical identity theft and how it can be prevented. Research states that, â€Å"you can do this by conducting a technical audit if there is any suspicious activity then it can be caught in its early stages.† While examining â€Å"the social, legal, and ethical ramifications of improper disclosure† important information was given out during the research. â€Å"Privacy regulations issued by the Department of Health and Human Services under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act declare to protect the privacy of American patients’ health information in several ways.† (HIPAA Privacy Regulations, 2000). The regulations were intended to give patients control over any of their health information and create strict limit around how medical records can be used and released in any confidential way. The regulations also made it to where they balance public responsibility with specific privacy protections meaning that they allow many uses of patient information without consent. There are a few legal ramifications of improper information disclosure which the U.S. Department of Justice has clarified. There are a few penalties that may be assessed and whom these pen alties may be against for these violations. â€Å"Covered facilities and persons whom â€Å"intentionally† attain or disclose individually identifiable health information in violation of HIPAA may be fined up to $50,000, as well as imprisonment up to one year† (Amaguin, 2011) When ever confidential information is inappropriately disclosed it can create family and social stress, employment issues and even housing issues. The law does say that all patients have every right to sue medical providers if their information is not properly locked up and safe. When new laws implemented to make HIV medical information, and the confidentiality surrounding it extremely strict this was done to protect those suffering from this virus. â€Å"The ethical issues relating to confidentiality and partner notifications within the context of HIV infection are complex. The right of the individual to confidentiality can be in conflict with the right of the partner to be protected from the risk of infection.† (Social and Ethical Issues, 2004) In the world, society is a discriminative society period. An HIV patient is prone to social isolation and discrimination consistent throughout society. A lot of people view the HIV patient as a germ or an infected area. With various explanations available the people in public does not want to understand what the public fears so they try to avoid the situation by talking about the infected person among each other. This is something that goes on in society and when it comes to the patient’s health inform ation physicians are suppose to be sure that all personal information stay hidden away and is not given out to any third party or people is not given permission. REFERENCES L. Amaguin (2011). Legal Action Center, retrieved from http://lac.org/doc_library/lac/publications/HIV-AIDS–Testing-Confidentiality-Discrimination–2003.pdf S. Col (2004). Social and Ethical Issues, retrieved from http://medind.nic.in/maa/t04/i2/maat04i2p107.pdf HIV and AIDS Bureau Staff (2004). Protecting Health Information Privacy and Complying with Federal Regulations, retrieved from http://hab.hrsa.gov/publications/hippa04.htm How to cite HIPA A Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process, Essay examples

Offshore Drilling free essay sample

Does anything out weigh the importance of our planet’s health? You would be surprised by the number of people who look the other way when it comes to keeping the planet clean. Offshore drilling is just one of the major environmental issues that has existed for many years and still continues to be a problem. The topic of offshore drilling not only touches on environmental issues but also political, economic, and ethical issues. All of these tie into the huge debate over offshore drilling and its impacts on the environment. But when the human race depends on oil, how can we ignore the fact of drilling for oil off the coast of our land. Investing in greenhouse energy is just one of several ways to help keep the environment clean and continue to get the energy we need. America needs to realize that offshore drilling is a leading factor in pollution and we can’t keep collecting oil like this forever, we need to discontinue this process of drilling off shore and expand our possible options of renewable energy. So you might be asking yourself â€Å"how does offshore drilling affect our environment?† It all starts with finding the oil. The oil companies use a system like sonar that sends out waves, these â€Å"Seismic waves used to locate oil can harm sea mammals and disorient whales. ExxonMobil recently had to suspend exploration efforts near Madagascar after more than 100 whales beached themselves† (HowStuffWorks). Just the thought of going to your local beach to find a whale washed up on the shore helpless is scary and sad. The seismic surveys designed to estimate the size of an oil and gas reserve generate enough force to damage or kill fish eggs and larvae. They also can leave some fish without hearing leaving them unable to fend off predators. After finding the location of oil they have to clear out the sea floor of the location to begin a process of laying out pipes for the â€Å"rigs†. While reading in an article called â€Å"The Environmental Impacts of Offshore Oil Drilling,† I found that â€Å"Between the actual footprints of the drill rig, undersea pipelines, dredging ship channels, and the cuttings and other drilling debris, there are many elements of drilling that leave a lasting impact on the ocean floor†. It would be almost like having a freeway place right through your front lawn. After affecting the life within the ocean from just finding the oil and having a rig built to drill for it, there is another form of environmental disruption, water pollution. â€Å"Whenever oil is recovered from the ocean floor, other chemicals and toxic substances come up too things like mercury, lead and arsenic that are often released back into the ocean† (Haerens, Margaret). All of these toxins can be deadly to fish and reduce the number of bottom dwelling creatures. Author Lee, A. Davis of â€Å"Environmental Disasters† Talks about how, â€Å"These toxins affect the life in the ocean. Some examples of ocean life would be; Oysters, shrimp, and fish. Then as they feed upon the food chain, which can be contaminated at any point, they come either too polluted to eat, and so decompose, or die of the effects of the pollutions† (14). An average oil and gas exploration well spews roughly 50 tons of nitrogen oxides, 13 tons of carbon monoxide, 6 tons of sulfur oxides, and 5 tons of volatile organic chemicals. (Haerens Margaret). The possible amount of pollution done is overwhelming, and this isn’t what most people fear most about when they think of offshore drilling. The biggest problem most people have with offshore drilling is the dangers it has when not regulated correctly. Rick Jervis Welch author of an article on a website that is dedicated to helping prevent oil spills, states that â€Å"The 2002 National Research Council report found that Marine Transportation, an offshore drilling company, was responsible for one-third of worldwide petroleum spillage, about eight times the amount caused by drilling platforms and pipelines† (Welch, Rick Jervis, William M). Not only does the spillage occur at the rigs, but they have found that there is even a big risk when transporting the oil to land. Still people make the argument that oil is just too important to stop drilling and that if anything we should drill more. Again author Margaret Haerens talks about how â€Å"According to the nation academy of Sciences, current cleanup methods can only remove a small fraction of the oil spilled into the ocean, leaving the remaining oil to continue affecting ocean ecosystems over time† (126). The long term impacts of offshore spills continue to corrupt the oceans and who knows when they will completely be gone. The effects of the oil directly on sea life such as sea birds, fish, shellfish, and other sea life are extremely dangers. â€Å"Studies have shown that tiny amounts of oil – as little as one part per billion – can harm pink salmon and cause their eggs to fail† (Haerens Margaret). Imagine swimming in the ocean when a large pool of toxic oils comes floating along right into you when you are trying to enjoy a day at the beach. Not only is offshore drilling have one of the longest lasting ecological impacts on society and living things on and off shore, it effects our economy as well. But is offshore drilling hurting the economy more than it is helping? At this point in my research is was pretty clear that it was. Author Margaret Haerens, goes to great detail concerning the price of oil and its effects of drilling more of it by saying â€Å"Oil spills exact a serious toll on costal economies, including our approximately 35 billion commercial fishing and 60 billion ocean and coastal tourism and recreation industries† (124). And will drilling more and cutting corners help with the gas prices for people? â€Å"According to the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration, drilling in areas previously closed to oil and gas drilling by presidential and congressional action â€Å"would not have a significant impact on domestic crude oil and natural gas production . . . before 2030 ( the end of the analysis period.)† (Haerens Margaret). Within that amount of time a lot of things could change, and should change. â€Å"If we could reduce our oil limitations to the 1990 level – approximately 7.2 million barrels per day – we would save approximately 90 billion per year, moreover, we would release 174 million fewer metric tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, radically slowing the accumulation of greenhouse gases and thus reducing the severity of global climate change† (Klare, Michael T). This would be a huge change and help to both our economy and environment. But imagine if we completely stopped consuming oil. Oil is something that needs to be replaced by something more economically smart and ecofriendly. â€Å"We must act now to become less dependent on oil and increase our supply of renewable and sustainable energy sources† (Haerens Margaret). Time is running out for our reliability on oil. America has shifted in the right direction concerning oil and alternative solutions, but are we working hard enough? Other countries like Japan and China have put forth the importance of reducing the need of oil and, the cars they produce are out selling American manufactures by a lot. I think it is time for Americans to realize what is happening before it is too late. I feel if we can start to limit the  amount of oil we take in and consume as a country it will buy us more time to work on a new reliable resource. We also need to tighten up our safety procedures when it comes to offshore drilling and focus on the health of our planet. It is clear that offshore drilling is environmentally dangerous and has negatively impacted our coastlines, yet the safety procedures we need to follow are being neglected. We can decide that solving our energy crisis will be one of the great projects of this generation, This statement made by President Barack Obama truly defines what should and can happen. He is essentially challenging the people of America to step up our duties and lead this environmental revolution. We as a country have the power to solve the energy crisis, and must not sit back and wait for other people to do it for us. I feel the first steps towards fixing this problem is by cracking down on oil companies and preventing pollution to keep it as low as possible, once that is done we must do our part in reducing the amount of oil we use. I don’t mind having to carpool to school or take other forms of transportation. The importance of keeping our planet clean cannot be expressed enough, and needs to be addressed before it becomes too late and places like our beaches are too dirty to even go to and enjoy. Work Cited. Davis, Lee A. Environmental Disasters. New York: Facts on File, 1998. 133-80. Print. Haerens, Margaret. Offshore Drilling. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2010. Print. HowStuffWorks. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. . Klare, Michael T. Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of Americas Growing Petroleum Dependency. New York: Metropolitan /Henry Holt , 2004. Print. The Environmental Impacts of Offshore Oil Drilling. HubPages. Web.26 Oct. 2012. . Welch, Rick Jervis, William M., and Richard Wolf. USA Today. Gannett. Web.27 Oct. 2012. .

National Information Infrastructure Essay Example

National Information Infrastructure Paper This paper focuses on the rapidly growing area of e-commerce, more so with the emergence of the National Information Infrastructure. Many companies are positioning themselves to gain from the efficiencies and effectiveness derived within its operations of an e-commerce environment. The paper explains transactions cost theory, its effects on the economizing on coordination cost and rapid cost performance improvement that could be conducted via the e-commerce environment. It explains how the e-commerce environment could substantially reduce profit margins, as consumers will be spoilt with choices expecting cheaper goods whilst firms will be competing for consumers thus reducing its products prices to stay competitive. Hence, the article suggests that firms would resort to marketing restriction methodology to retain its existing customers. Furthermore, the overall expansion of the e-commerce environment would have an impact on the existing supply chain management, hence emphasising the need to rethink and redefine the value/supply chain management resulting in the value/supply chain reconfiguration. As the evolving infrastructure would link the various groups, namely producers of information, producers of physical goods, electronic retailers, electronic markets, physical distribution networks and electronic channels, the article suggests that an essential market choice box would emerge as a critical technological device to link these groups. Over recent years information technology has experienced an unprecedented degree of changes, enabling the transformation of the basic mechanisms of business. This transformation is accelerating, supported by new computer based applications to facilitate business process, new systems to capture information on customers and new methods of communication, within and between organizations and their customers/suppliers. This phenomenon has resulted in the emergence of the electronic commerce age. It has led firms to rush into establishing a presence in this new virtual marketplace (Business Week, 1994). As stated by Hoffmann and Novak (1997) the Internet represents a new paradigm shift to businesses. Benjamin and Wigan (1995) state that it is becoming increasingly difficult to delineate accurately the borders of todays organization. We will write a custom essay sample on National Information Infrastructure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on National Information Infrastructure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on National Information Infrastructure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The reported benefits to the firms deploying e-commerce include increased efficiency of order processing, reduced cost due to just-in-time inventory management, locking in of trading partners and greater ability to customize products and services based upon information arising from the transactions (Cash Konsynski, 1985; Johnson Vitale, 1988). In the euphoria of benefits, i.e. efficiencies, effectiveness and cost reductions, firms should not forget the cost of infrastructure, maintenance and resources needed for an e-commerce environment. Please refer to Appendix A Apparel Company Takes A Gamble The emergence of e-commerce has raised the prospect of radical changes to the traditional business process. This was further illustrated in 1994, when the first Internet bank, First Virtual was launched (http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1994.htm. 12/1/04). However, as in any traditional business strategy, it imperative for the organization to understand the different factors that affect consumers participation. According to Chaffey (Chapter 9, p 335 2000) the following factors should be considered in e-commerce environment: Access Major factor, as access in the e-commerce environment equates to consumer participation. However, on the worldwide basis, a relative small proportion of the population has access to the Internet, i.e. less than 10% of the population. The emergence of e-commerce will significantly impact the traditional marketing concepts and the customer relationship management, Hoffman and Novak (1996). Drafting of the e-marketing strategies should have similar elements to a traditional marketing strategy, such as those defined by McDonald (1999) and Kotler (1997) however difference in the e-environment need to be considered. In the past, the planning process has been conceived as an annual event, but as McDonald (1999) points out, this is no longer relevant in a dynamic business environment. The era of e-marketing accentuates this trend. Strategies will have to be reviewed frequently. Ultimately, however, the fundamental marketing mix (4Ps) will determine who wins in markets of the future for either electronic or brick mortar operations. For the consumers, the biggest lure to Internet shopping is convenience. Want to browse through a bookstore 24/7 without having to go outside? Companies such as Amazon.com Inc and Barnes Noble Inc ring up millions of dollars in sales each day by operating vast web sites that effectively let customers do just that. Consumers also are using the web to hunt for bargains, trade stocks at rock-bottom commission rates and gather information about purchases they will make later in the real world. For the businesses, online commerce is enticing mainly because of its intense efficiency. Once a web is built, it can take orders around the clock and field countless customers-service queries, without losing tempers or requiring coffee breaks. Product catalogs can be updated constantly, without the extra trips to the printer and up-to-the-minute data about what are selling (what isnt), discounts and offers becomes accessible with a few mouse clicks (http://interactive.wsj.com 17/12/03). The CEO of Kodak was alleged to have said, that he couldnt tell if Kodaks website makes money, however he was sure that the website is the most personal way of selling since the door to door salesmen, only now the customers were knocking on Kodaks door. In order for marketing efforts to succeed in this environment, a new business paradigm is required in which the marketing function is reconstructed to facilitate e-commerce. However, online commerce may create new problems. With customers able to gather huge amounts of data via the Internet and then go comparison-shopping, profits margins may get squeezed. This then becomes a survival situation for some companies. In addition, many of the cost savings measures are at the expense of human resources, thus creating a national employment headache for the Government. The e-commerce environment has made marketing easier however challenging as consumers demands and needs increases. Hence, it is important that firms gain important insights into customers nature and needs. This desire to establish long-term customer relationship with increasingly sophisticated demands and needs has led many firms to seek new ways of acquiring, managing and utilising customer information (Peters and Fletcher, 1995). However, with the sheer growth of the Internet, finding relevant information is becoming difficult, hence consumers might shift to traditional ways of buying. Firms have to ensure that the shift and select of information is done on their behalf. Here many firms rely on intermediary, however the concern of issues such as privacy, trust and security (Schell, 1996) are highlighted.

Excavation of Tutankhamun essays

Excavation of Tutankhamun essays Tutankhamuns tomb was found to be fully intact during Howard Carters excavation in 1922. Tutankhamuns tomb is a home to many of the mysteries which surround ancient Egyptians burial practices, their beliefs and the afterlife. Paintings found on the walls around Tutankhamuns tomb reveal the importance of mummification. They tell stories of the Opening of the Mouth ceremony, which was considered to be very important because only then could the Ka and Ba spirits be at home in the dead mummys body. The pictures show all of the gods which the ancient Egyptians believed in. They portrayed the god of the dead, Osiris, as being the one of the most important gods and they revealed that by pleasing him, they would be welcomed into the afterlife. The paintings also reveal the importance of many animals which were worshiped by Ancient Egyptians. The scarab beetle became the symbol of resurrection and this is why it is painted throughout all of the pictures in Tutankhamuns tomb. The sun was also recognised to be a very important symbol because it symbolised the god Ra, who was the creator of life. The Ankh symbol was always used in these painting as well because it was the symbol of life. The items found in Tutankhamuns tomb reveal how important a pharaohs journey to the afterlife really was. Egyptians believed that they could only have an everlasting life if the soul could return to the body for food and rest. The tomb was filled with furniture, hunting equipment, clothes, jewellery and food. They believed that Ka could only survive if it had nourishment and a habitation to live in. The 600 objects found in Tutankhamuns tomb all have meanings and a purpose, which was to support the pharaoh on his journey to the afterlife. One of the most important objects found in the tomb was the model boats. There were 17 model boats found in the tomb and these boats were similar ...

The concept of patriotism and pseudo-patriotism by Goldsmith and Essay

The concept of patriotism and pseudo-patriotism by Goldsmith and George Orwell - Essay Example According to Goldsmith patriots are individuals who love the very thought of this world and not only their country. A person who denies this fact is simply a pseudo-patriot as he is developing a national prejudice based upon simple borders that have been made by man. As quoted by Goldsmith "Is it not very possible that I may love my own country, without hating the natives of other countries?" (Goldsmith et al 223). Similarly, Orwell has also indirectly pointed out the aspects of patriotism in Marrakech by highlighting the fact that races do not denote the very nature of patriotism that one may think he has. He believes that races create boundaries that are not even justified in the sense of understanding. Pointing out the fact that the Negroes form an important aspect of the army is one point where he highlights the power of the Negroes over the other race. He believes that patriotism roots from within and races should not help define the boundary between these roots. As said by Orwe ll "But there is one thought.....if he calls himself a Socialist) thinks when he sees a black army marching past. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they tum their guns in the other direction?".This quote clearly shows that he is advocating the rights of power for the blacks and wants the Whites to understand that no race is below par when compared to the other. He uses techniques through which he explores the life of lower-class individuals and discrimination that exists all around the world.

Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640) Research Paper

Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640) - Research Paper Example He is declared as the most eminent Flemish painter and artist who ever existed. His contributions are not only identifiable in his paintings and artworks, but also in the works of his students, whom he gave refined training on artwork and painting. Although he learnt artwork under several reputable painters of the time, his artwork represented a refined brand, paving a new era in the European artistic field. His innovation in artwork made Antwerp the most popular destination of painting in the 17th century. He is notably credited with pioneering the Flemish Baroque style of painting (Rubens, Gilles and Chris, 7). This style involved use of exaggerated motion and color to depict movement in paintings and artwork, which easily produced the themes of drama, dance and music. His talents made him have more work than time could allow, making him amass immense wealth during his 30 years which he was involved in painting and artwork. However, the most interesting aspect of Peter Paul Rubens is that his talent grew with time and his expertise, refinement and abilities improved with time. Therefore, he maintained consistency in providing quality paintings, until he met his death in 1640. His accomplishments are notable to present day in different museums of Europe. His uniqueness is identifiable in the fact that; while most of the painters of his time specialized on one kind of painting, Peter Paul Rubens engaged in different types of paintings, all of which he perfected and generated quality works (Rubens, Gilles and Chris, 13). History painting is one of his styles, which involved the creation of biblical, historical and mythological objects. To portray the historical theme, he created paintings such as monumental historical scenes and biblical story painting representations, which resonated well with his movement and color themes that advanced visualization and movement. Religious paintings also formed a bulk of his artwork. He is credited with advancing the development of altarpiece paintings, which were religious paintings portraying a biblical theme that were placed in a flame and suspended behind the altar to pass a religious message (Logan, Peter and Michiel, 23). In creating his religious paintings, Peter Paul Rubens used the panel pai nting technique, which entails the incorporation of different painting themes in a panel that was subdivided several times, with each section of the panel possessing a different painting, but all advancing the same theme or telling the same story (Pauw-De Veen, 243). His altarpieces were either painted in front of the altar, where the priest could stand behind, or painted on a panel that was then suspended in front of the altar. Among the most popular of his religious paintings include the Descent from the Cross triptych, which was painted in the in Antwerp, Cathedral of the Lady (Pauw-De Veen, 248). Peter Paul Rubens is also an advent of the Counter-Reformation painting, which highly changed the paintings that were previously done during the renaissance and the thirteenth century (Rubens, Gilles and Chris, 18). This refers to the artwork that sought to turn back the religious paintings into more religious oriented, as opposed to the decoration oriented themes that were being advanc ed during the period. During this period, the Catholic Church perceived the Protestants as a major threat to its doctrines of faith. Therefore, they sought to enhance their religious theme through the application of artwork and paintings that reflected more religious themes. Thus, Rubens, being the most eminent painter of his time, was hired to revolutionize the renaissance painting into the counter-reformation artwork and paint

FROM HAUTE COUTURE TO HIGH STREET Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FROM HAUTE COUTURE TO HIGH STREET - Essay Example g the possibility of a collaboration between this world of fashion and the diametrically opposite world of brands and labels is the basis of this study. The target segment for this collaboration would be the college going and early jobbers in the population. The brand is termed as ‘IQ’ which literally means intelligence quotient, choice of today’s woman. The brand represents the value of respect to today’s woman of substance and also looks at educating a younger segment in the process in terms of style more than the volatility of fashion. This crowd can be converted into a loyal market base over a period of time for both the brands. The study concludes to believe the feasibility of such collaboration and the recommendation is definitely go ahead as both stand to benefit from each other considerably. Fashion evolves in itself and that too every 10 years then the question arises is that why does it need the support of effective marketing? The objective of this paper is to not only analyze the brand names but to tap the potential market of high end fashion stores by associating it with the label, the customer would like to buy. Hence we are consulting various perspectives of marketing in fashion industry especially the necessity of such collaboration between a high end fashion store and a designer label. 1. Fashion industry works on the imaginations and creativity of the creators. For a commoner in the society the desire to look good and acceptable by the surrounding society becomes a need which is regulated by the resources that are available. Marketing sets a trend to follow by all means and the second part concentrates on the individual’s own desires to be acceptable. 2. Promotion focuses on making the customer understand the company, its policies, objectives and values. For ex: If an organization is into designer diamonds ornaments, the brand should clearly state so. Every aspect of marketing mix should take this into consideration. The prices quoted,

Toussaint LOuverture and the Haitian Revolution

Toussaint LOuverture and the Haitian Revolution This investigation will cover the topic of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) with the specific focus of the revolutionary leader, Toussaint LOuverture. The research question is: To what extent did the leadership of Toussaint LOuverture result in the success of the Haitian Revolution? Two of the sources used in this investigation include the translation of an autobiography of Toussaint LOuverture and a book on the Haitian Revolution. Memoir of General Toussaint LOuverture The autobiography of Toussaint LOuverture is a primary source as it was written by the revolutionary leader himself during his life. LOuverture wrote this account of the revolution and his role in it after the Haitian Revolution while he was in prison in 1803. This autobiography is significant to this investigation because it directly tells his account of the events and will be important in investigating LOuvertures role in the revolution. This document contains value for its origin because it is a first hand account of an important historical figure. The autobiography begins with LOuverture stating that he was commanded by the French government to give a truthful account and reflection, thus giving it its value from purpose. This source also has value from its content because LOuverture discusses battles, important figures, and communications between nations and leaders in great detail. This document is limited by its origin because LOuverture originally wrote this autobiography in French so the document in examination is a translation. A limitation in its purpose is that it was written to account the Haitian side of the conflict and therefore is biased because he was only examining one side. A limitation in its content is that this document is only one mans view and it does not present anything from the opposing French view. A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution The next source is a book on the history of the Haitian Revolution written by Popkins, an American professor and scholar. It was published in 2012, long after the events of the Haitian Revolution, and it is all based on archival research so it is a secondary source. This significance of this document to this investigation is that it will provide a big picture account and analysis of the Haitian Revolution and of Toussaint LOuvertures role. This source has value because it was created for the purpose of historical accuracy and looking at multiple views. Additionally, this source has value for its origin because the author had no personal connection to the events, eliminating potential bias due to the author belonging to one side of the conflict. The author is also stated to be an expert in French and Haitian history, further eliminating bias because of limited knowledge. A value in its content is that this book examines interpretations from many different sources. A limitation by the content of this source is that the author has no personal knowledge of the events of the Haitian Revolution or of Toussaint LOuverture. The source is also limited by its origin because it was created a long time after the events it covers. Additionally, it is limited because it was created for the purpose of making a concise overview of the Haitian Revolution, limiting the detail and specific knowledge included in it. Part B: Investigation Word count: 1255 The Haitian Revolution was a bloody uprising and the only successful slave revolt in history (Girard 28) . Haiti was a French slave colony until the slaves revolted against France. The revolution resulted in the liberation of the slave population and the creation of a black republic. The slaves had no formal organization and therefore relied on the leadership of one man: Toussaint LOuverture. General LOuverture was of African heritage, speaking a native African tongue as well as French (Myers 6). His life as a slave gradually improved as he was promoted to higher positions and was allowed to live a comfortable lifestyle, including family life, profit, and education (Rainsford 243). His access to education and literature was crucial to his ability to lead militarily and politically. He gained his freedom after fifty years of slavery, by which time he had developed strongly rooted ideals about his race and their emancipation (Beard 22). When the slave revolts began, LOuverture did not immediately join the fight and instead, seeing how brutal the uprising slaves were, decided to be patient (Rainsford 246). This demonstrates that LOuverture did not have any role in beginning the slave revolts because he did not join the cause until later. Once he did join the fight, he served as a soldier, and soon was promoted to various leadership roles, under a general known for his brutality (246). At this time, the slaves were filled with rage and passion and they carried out violent attacks. LOuverture saw this and realized that change was not going to come about in this manner. (244). This knowledge laid the basis for LOuvertures level headed approach to war and politics. The slave revolts were generally disorganized and haphazard (Rainsford 243), as none of these slaves had military or political training, let alone basic education. LOuverture joined the revolt equipped with the knowledge to lead a military and political uprising and the character to solicit followers (Rainsford 244). LOuverture had much success as a general fighting the French and a as a nation builder. He claims in his autobiography that the peace and economic success of the island were all [his] work (Louverture Memoir 295). It would seem that LOuvertures leadership had created a functioning society out of a slave state. Haiti had a working economy under his leadership because he focused the economy on the agricultural production which had been the status quo during French rule when the island produced large amount of coffee and sugar for Europe (295). Although many Haitians were angry with the relatively unchanged economy, it worked to stabilize the infant nation (Rainsford 240). General LOuverture was very successful at leading the slave armies. Along with his assisting generals, Christophe and Dessalines, he was able to pressure all British forces who were at the time in conflict with the revolutionaries to withdraw from the island (Bell 114). He was also very successful in negotiating with the French General Leclerc, who misrepresented Frances orders by attacking LOuverture and his forces. LOuverture was able to calmly respond by arranging a diplomatic meeting and creating a resolution about territorial boundaries, proving his advanced diplomatic ability (Louverture Memoir 296). He also proved advanced military ability by defending cities against French Gen. Rochambeau. One specific battle was at La Croix, during which LOuverture fought off Rochambeaus force which far outnumbered his own (304). Dessalines and Christophe also proved very capable and they worked cohesively with each other and with LOuverture (301).ÂÂ   LOuvertures leadership empowere d the Haitian people and the slave armies and his reputation had such a lasting effect that he became a heroic figure for anti slavery activism in the U.S. He was described by some activists in the mid-1800s as being among historys greatest men (Clavin 38).ÂÂ   His character became a symbol of anti slavery idealism and, on a larger scale, of racial equality (35). LOuverture was proof of the ability of black men to achieve feats comparable to white men, showing that the races were equal (38). His success had revolutionary implications because this was the first time a black slave population had ousted a white population (Popkins 6). It is consistently accepted by the preceding sources that LOuverture is the man who lead the Haitians to freedom and the start of an independent nation. However, LOuverture had no role in declaring the independence of the nation because at the time he was in prison in France. In 1802 LOuverture was imprisoned by France until his death in 1803 (Louverture Memoir 305). Thus, he was absent during the finals days of the revolution. After his imprisonment, Christophe and Dessalines continued the fight and forced out the French armies of Rochambeau and Leclerc (Dubois 41). It was Dessalines, in fact, who officially declared Haitis independence and named the nation (History.com). Popkins book, A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution, discusses the less romantic side of LOuvertures rule. LOuverture put in place an authoritarian government with the goal of protecting the freedom of the black population, with himself as the head figure (Popkins 90). The new government had to be able to pro tect the people from other revolts within the nation, as well as from invasion from other nations (91). The fact that there were other revolts within Haiti itself demonstrates that LOuverture was not completely successful at achieving unity. In a letter to the people of Haiti, LOuverture says that some of the Haitians provoke the disunity of citizens and the disorganization of the current state of affairs, showing that the country was not unified (LOuverture Letter). LOuverture implemented increasingly violent means to maintain his authority, because the Haitian people did not wish to cooperate with him and in fact, many resented his authority (Popkins 91). Popkins work tells the events from a different angle than the previously discussed sources. While Popkins is not directly contradicting Clavins statement that LOuverture was a great man, he provides us with some contradictory evidence of LOuvertures political achievement (Clavin 38). It becomes clear, then, that LOuvertures leade rship was not flawless, as it is portrayed in some ideological accounts of the man. In summary, Toussaint LOuverture was a qualified leader who rose to command the slave armies of the Haitian Revolution. He played an important role in unifying the slave armies as well as building a functioning nation. LOuverture was crucial in organizing the Haitians in revolution against the French and his authoritarian rule kept the nation together despite internal conflict. His character was admired by Haitians at the time and by American anti slavery activists. The general, however, does not play the singular role of Haitian liberator. LOuverture had no role in the beginning of the revolutionary cause, and he had no role in the declaring of independence. Furthermore, there are contrasting views of LOuverture: as an idealized hero and as an authoritarian ruler. Many authors write of the general as an impressive man and a symbol of racial equality, yet there is also evidence of him being violent and unsuccessful in unification. To LOuvertures credit, the local situation was far to o combustible for gradual reform, and he did all that any man could to stabilize the nation (Brown 4). He did more than any other one person did in the efforts to establish the free nation of Haiti. In conclusion, General Toussaint LOuverture was a pivotal figure in the success of the slave armies and in the building of the Haitian nation, but he did not lead the Haitian slaves completely from oppression to republic. Part C: Reflection Word count: 412 In my investigation, I discovered that the modern-day view of Toussaint LOuverture is one of an idealized hero. His image has been used by many biographers to support anti slavery movements and to explore racial equality. Many secondary accounts of LOuverture give the man high praise and essentially create him as an ideological figure rather than a historical figure. While this situation provides ample works praising LOuverture, it creates an issue in which it is challenging for historians to find purely factual accounts as well as opposing accounts of his role in the Haitian Revolution. I examined primary and secondary sources in my investigation. The secondary sources proved valuable in that they provide big picture looks at the events surround LOuverture and the revolution. The primary source of LOuvertures memoir proved valuable because it provided first hand accounts of events which are likely to be accurate and truthful. I was challenged with my primary source because it provid e only small areas of information, lacking the big picture view of the Haitian revolution which I found in my secondary sources. I learned from this the challenges that historians face when creating secondary historical works based on primary sources. When doing my research, I located the parts of each work dealing specifically with Toussaint LOuverture. Some of my sources covered much more than my area of focus so I had to limit where I looked within each source. I then organized my sources by their purpose in my investigation: information on Toussaints life, positive views of his leadership, and skeptical views of his leadership. While in many areas of research facts can be obtained with pure objectivity, historical research does not have this luxury. In my investigation I gained awareness of the challenges historians face in finding accurate information. Historical archive-based research is challenging because all works contain some level of bias. Another issue I faced is that there is limited documentation available addressing the opposing sides to the Haitian Revolution. This is because the French and European people paid little attention to the slave revolts at the time (Popkins 10). This leaves historians with a limited scope of documentation from which to create secondary accounts. It is the role of the historian to discern the accuracy of sources by evaluating their value and limitations, which I did in my own investigation. I also learned from my investigation that the significance of historical figures may change over time due to historians purposes for writing. Works Cited Beard, John Relly. The Life of Toussaint LOuverture, the Negro Patriot of Hayti: Comprising anÂÂ   Account of the Struggle for Liberty in the Island, and a Sketch of Its History to the Present Period. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina, 2012. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Bell, Madison Smartt. Toussaint Louverture: A Biography. New York: Pantheon, 2007. Print. Beard, J. R., and James Redpath. Toussaint LOuverture: A Biography and Autobiography. Freeport, NY: for Libraries, 1971. Print. Brown, Gordon S. Toussaints Clause: The Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution. Jackson, MS: U of Mississippi, 2005. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Clavin, Matthew J. Toussaint Louverture and the American Civil War: The Promise and Peril of a Second Haitian Revolution. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania, 2010. Questia School. Web. 28 Mar. 2016. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. New York: Metropolitan, 2012. Print. Girard, Philippe R. Haiti: The Tumultuous Historyfrom Pearl of the Caribbean to Broken Nation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. History.com Staff. Haitian Independence Proclaimed. History.com. AE Television Networks, 2010. Web. 11 Apr. 2016. LOuverture, Toussaint. Letter to the Citizens of Color and Free Negroes of Saint-Domingue by Haiti 1791. Themarxists.org. Trans. Mitch Abidor. Marxists.org, 2007. Web. 09 Apr. 2016. Louverture, Toussaint. Memoir of Toussaint LOuverture. Boston: James Redpath, 1863. Print. Myers, Walter Dean, and Jacob Lawrence. Toussaint LOuverture: The Fight for Haitis Freedom. New York: Simon Schuster for Young Readers, 1996. Print. Popkin, Jeremy D. A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Rainsford, Marcus. An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti Comprehending a View of the Principal Transactions in the Revolution of Saint Domingo, with Its Antient and Modern State. London: J. Cundee, 1805. Print.

Use of the Sun and the Moon in Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay

Both Sun and Moon play significant roles in this old poem, in a symbolic and supernatural way, in order to reinforce the mood that Samuel Taylor Coleridge has attempted to create in his use of old legends and superstitions. The role that the sun and moon play in this tale of cursed sailors is an old one, retold over and over the years that Coleridge adapted for his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although mentioned several times before, the Sun makes its first significant appearance in the seventh stanza of the second part. Before then, one will find both Sun and Moon mentioned many times purely for the reader’s enrichment. The repeated mention leads the reader to believe that it will soon become important by foreshadowing without making it of any greater appearance than mentioning it to describe the scenery in the aforementioned place in the poem. Here Coleridge describes the Sun as â€Å"The bloody Sun, at noon†. This use of capitalizing such a common word as Sun only goes further to tell the reader to keep an eye out for something not quite right there. For those unfamiliar with old sailors’ traditions, they may either skip right over this passage, or read too much into it as a sign of impending doom. An old phrase arises from the history books to describe this perfectly that reads, â€Å"Red sky at night, sailor’s delight, Red sjy at morning, sailor take warning.† When one takes a closer look at this, they might see that it describes storm patterns, but when one realises that t...