National Information Infrastructure Essay Example

National Information Infrastructure Paper This paper focuses on the rapidly growing area of e-commerce, more so with the emergence of the National Information Infrastructure. Many companies are positioning themselves to gain from the efficiencies and effectiveness derived within its operations of an e-commerce environment. The paper explains transactions cost theory, its effects on the economizing on coordination cost and rapid cost performance improvement that could be conducted via the e-commerce environment. It explains how the e-commerce environment could substantially reduce profit margins, as consumers will be spoilt with choices expecting cheaper goods whilst firms will be competing for consumers thus reducing its products prices to stay competitive. Hence, the article suggests that firms would resort to marketing restriction methodology to retain its existing customers. Furthermore, the overall expansion of the e-commerce environment would have an impact on the existing supply chain management, hence emphasising the need to rethink and redefine the value/supply chain management resulting in the value/supply chain reconfiguration. As the evolving infrastructure would link the various groups, namely producers of information, producers of physical goods, electronic retailers, electronic markets, physical distribution networks and electronic channels, the article suggests that an essential market choice box would emerge as a critical technological device to link these groups. Over recent years information technology has experienced an unprecedented degree of changes, enabling the transformation of the basic mechanisms of business. This transformation is accelerating, supported by new computer based applications to facilitate business process, new systems to capture information on customers and new methods of communication, within and between organizations and their customers/suppliers. This phenomenon has resulted in the emergence of the electronic commerce age. It has led firms to rush into establishing a presence in this new virtual marketplace (Business Week, 1994). As stated by Hoffmann and Novak (1997) the Internet represents a new paradigm shift to businesses. Benjamin and Wigan (1995) state that it is becoming increasingly difficult to delineate accurately the borders of todays organization. We will write a custom essay sample on National Information Infrastructure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on National Information Infrastructure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on National Information Infrastructure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The reported benefits to the firms deploying e-commerce include increased efficiency of order processing, reduced cost due to just-in-time inventory management, locking in of trading partners and greater ability to customize products and services based upon information arising from the transactions (Cash Konsynski, 1985; Johnson Vitale, 1988). In the euphoria of benefits, i.e. efficiencies, effectiveness and cost reductions, firms should not forget the cost of infrastructure, maintenance and resources needed for an e-commerce environment. Please refer to Appendix A Apparel Company Takes A Gamble The emergence of e-commerce has raised the prospect of radical changes to the traditional business process. This was further illustrated in 1994, when the first Internet bank, First Virtual was launched (http://www.thocp.net/timeline/1994.htm. 12/1/04). However, as in any traditional business strategy, it imperative for the organization to understand the different factors that affect consumers participation. According to Chaffey (Chapter 9, p 335 2000) the following factors should be considered in e-commerce environment: Access Major factor, as access in the e-commerce environment equates to consumer participation. However, on the worldwide basis, a relative small proportion of the population has access to the Internet, i.e. less than 10% of the population. The emergence of e-commerce will significantly impact the traditional marketing concepts and the customer relationship management, Hoffman and Novak (1996). Drafting of the e-marketing strategies should have similar elements to a traditional marketing strategy, such as those defined by McDonald (1999) and Kotler (1997) however difference in the e-environment need to be considered. In the past, the planning process has been conceived as an annual event, but as McDonald (1999) points out, this is no longer relevant in a dynamic business environment. The era of e-marketing accentuates this trend. Strategies will have to be reviewed frequently. Ultimately, however, the fundamental marketing mix (4Ps) will determine who wins in markets of the future for either electronic or brick mortar operations. For the consumers, the biggest lure to Internet shopping is convenience. Want to browse through a bookstore 24/7 without having to go outside? Companies such as Amazon.com Inc and Barnes Noble Inc ring up millions of dollars in sales each day by operating vast web sites that effectively let customers do just that. Consumers also are using the web to hunt for bargains, trade stocks at rock-bottom commission rates and gather information about purchases they will make later in the real world. For the businesses, online commerce is enticing mainly because of its intense efficiency. Once a web is built, it can take orders around the clock and field countless customers-service queries, without losing tempers or requiring coffee breaks. Product catalogs can be updated constantly, without the extra trips to the printer and up-to-the-minute data about what are selling (what isnt), discounts and offers becomes accessible with a few mouse clicks (http://interactive.wsj.com 17/12/03). The CEO of Kodak was alleged to have said, that he couldnt tell if Kodaks website makes money, however he was sure that the website is the most personal way of selling since the door to door salesmen, only now the customers were knocking on Kodaks door. In order for marketing efforts to succeed in this environment, a new business paradigm is required in which the marketing function is reconstructed to facilitate e-commerce. However, online commerce may create new problems. With customers able to gather huge amounts of data via the Internet and then go comparison-shopping, profits margins may get squeezed. This then becomes a survival situation for some companies. In addition, many of the cost savings measures are at the expense of human resources, thus creating a national employment headache for the Government. The e-commerce environment has made marketing easier however challenging as consumers demands and needs increases. Hence, it is important that firms gain important insights into customers nature and needs. This desire to establish long-term customer relationship with increasingly sophisticated demands and needs has led many firms to seek new ways of acquiring, managing and utilising customer information (Peters and Fletcher, 1995). However, with the sheer growth of the Internet, finding relevant information is becoming difficult, hence consumers might shift to traditional ways of buying. Firms have to ensure that the shift and select of information is done on their behalf. Here many firms rely on intermediary, however the concern of issues such as privacy, trust and security (Schell, 1996) are highlighted.

Excavation of Tutankhamun essays

Excavation of Tutankhamun essays Tutankhamuns tomb was found to be fully intact during Howard Carters excavation in 1922. Tutankhamuns tomb is a home to many of the mysteries which surround ancient Egyptians burial practices, their beliefs and the afterlife. Paintings found on the walls around Tutankhamuns tomb reveal the importance of mummification. They tell stories of the Opening of the Mouth ceremony, which was considered to be very important because only then could the Ka and Ba spirits be at home in the dead mummys body. The pictures show all of the gods which the ancient Egyptians believed in. They portrayed the god of the dead, Osiris, as being the one of the most important gods and they revealed that by pleasing him, they would be welcomed into the afterlife. The paintings also reveal the importance of many animals which were worshiped by Ancient Egyptians. The scarab beetle became the symbol of resurrection and this is why it is painted throughout all of the pictures in Tutankhamuns tomb. The sun was also recognised to be a very important symbol because it symbolised the god Ra, who was the creator of life. The Ankh symbol was always used in these painting as well because it was the symbol of life. The items found in Tutankhamuns tomb reveal how important a pharaohs journey to the afterlife really was. Egyptians believed that they could only have an everlasting life if the soul could return to the body for food and rest. The tomb was filled with furniture, hunting equipment, clothes, jewellery and food. They believed that Ka could only survive if it had nourishment and a habitation to live in. The 600 objects found in Tutankhamuns tomb all have meanings and a purpose, which was to support the pharaoh on his journey to the afterlife. One of the most important objects found in the tomb was the model boats. There were 17 model boats found in the tomb and these boats were similar ...

The concept of patriotism and pseudo-patriotism by Goldsmith and Essay

The concept of patriotism and pseudo-patriotism by Goldsmith and George Orwell - Essay Example According to Goldsmith patriots are individuals who love the very thought of this world and not only their country. A person who denies this fact is simply a pseudo-patriot as he is developing a national prejudice based upon simple borders that have been made by man. As quoted by Goldsmith "Is it not very possible that I may love my own country, without hating the natives of other countries?" (Goldsmith et al 223). Similarly, Orwell has also indirectly pointed out the aspects of patriotism in Marrakech by highlighting the fact that races do not denote the very nature of patriotism that one may think he has. He believes that races create boundaries that are not even justified in the sense of understanding. Pointing out the fact that the Negroes form an important aspect of the army is one point where he highlights the power of the Negroes over the other race. He believes that patriotism roots from within and races should not help define the boundary between these roots. As said by Orwe ll "But there is one thought.....if he calls himself a Socialist) thinks when he sees a black army marching past. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people? How long before they tum their guns in the other direction?".This quote clearly shows that he is advocating the rights of power for the blacks and wants the Whites to understand that no race is below par when compared to the other. He uses techniques through which he explores the life of lower-class individuals and discrimination that exists all around the world.

Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640) Research Paper

Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640) - Research Paper Example He is declared as the most eminent Flemish painter and artist who ever existed. His contributions are not only identifiable in his paintings and artworks, but also in the works of his students, whom he gave refined training on artwork and painting. Although he learnt artwork under several reputable painters of the time, his artwork represented a refined brand, paving a new era in the European artistic field. His innovation in artwork made Antwerp the most popular destination of painting in the 17th century. He is notably credited with pioneering the Flemish Baroque style of painting (Rubens, Gilles and Chris, 7). This style involved use of exaggerated motion and color to depict movement in paintings and artwork, which easily produced the themes of drama, dance and music. His talents made him have more work than time could allow, making him amass immense wealth during his 30 years which he was involved in painting and artwork. However, the most interesting aspect of Peter Paul Rubens is that his talent grew with time and his expertise, refinement and abilities improved with time. Therefore, he maintained consistency in providing quality paintings, until he met his death in 1640. His accomplishments are notable to present day in different museums of Europe. His uniqueness is identifiable in the fact that; while most of the painters of his time specialized on one kind of painting, Peter Paul Rubens engaged in different types of paintings, all of which he perfected and generated quality works (Rubens, Gilles and Chris, 13). History painting is one of his styles, which involved the creation of biblical, historical and mythological objects. To portray the historical theme, he created paintings such as monumental historical scenes and biblical story painting representations, which resonated well with his movement and color themes that advanced visualization and movement. Religious paintings also formed a bulk of his artwork. He is credited with advancing the development of altarpiece paintings, which were religious paintings portraying a biblical theme that were placed in a flame and suspended behind the altar to pass a religious message (Logan, Peter and Michiel, 23). In creating his religious paintings, Peter Paul Rubens used the panel pai nting technique, which entails the incorporation of different painting themes in a panel that was subdivided several times, with each section of the panel possessing a different painting, but all advancing the same theme or telling the same story (Pauw-De Veen, 243). His altarpieces were either painted in front of the altar, where the priest could stand behind, or painted on a panel that was then suspended in front of the altar. Among the most popular of his religious paintings include the Descent from the Cross triptych, which was painted in the in Antwerp, Cathedral of the Lady (Pauw-De Veen, 248). Peter Paul Rubens is also an advent of the Counter-Reformation painting, which highly changed the paintings that were previously done during the renaissance and the thirteenth century (Rubens, Gilles and Chris, 18). This refers to the artwork that sought to turn back the religious paintings into more religious oriented, as opposed to the decoration oriented themes that were being advanc ed during the period. During this period, the Catholic Church perceived the Protestants as a major threat to its doctrines of faith. Therefore, they sought to enhance their religious theme through the application of artwork and paintings that reflected more religious themes. Thus, Rubens, being the most eminent painter of his time, was hired to revolutionize the renaissance painting into the counter-reformation artwork and paint

FROM HAUTE COUTURE TO HIGH STREET Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FROM HAUTE COUTURE TO HIGH STREET - Essay Example g the possibility of a collaboration between this world of fashion and the diametrically opposite world of brands and labels is the basis of this study. The target segment for this collaboration would be the college going and early jobbers in the population. The brand is termed as ‘IQ’ which literally means intelligence quotient, choice of today’s woman. The brand represents the value of respect to today’s woman of substance and also looks at educating a younger segment in the process in terms of style more than the volatility of fashion. This crowd can be converted into a loyal market base over a period of time for both the brands. The study concludes to believe the feasibility of such collaboration and the recommendation is definitely go ahead as both stand to benefit from each other considerably. Fashion evolves in itself and that too every 10 years then the question arises is that why does it need the support of effective marketing? The objective of this paper is to not only analyze the brand names but to tap the potential market of high end fashion stores by associating it with the label, the customer would like to buy. Hence we are consulting various perspectives of marketing in fashion industry especially the necessity of such collaboration between a high end fashion store and a designer label. 1. Fashion industry works on the imaginations and creativity of the creators. For a commoner in the society the desire to look good and acceptable by the surrounding society becomes a need which is regulated by the resources that are available. Marketing sets a trend to follow by all means and the second part concentrates on the individual’s own desires to be acceptable. 2. Promotion focuses on making the customer understand the company, its policies, objectives and values. For ex: If an organization is into designer diamonds ornaments, the brand should clearly state so. Every aspect of marketing mix should take this into consideration. The prices quoted,

Toussaint LOuverture and the Haitian Revolution

Toussaint LOuverture and the Haitian Revolution This investigation will cover the topic of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) with the specific focus of the revolutionary leader, Toussaint LOuverture. The research question is: To what extent did the leadership of Toussaint LOuverture result in the success of the Haitian Revolution? Two of the sources used in this investigation include the translation of an autobiography of Toussaint LOuverture and a book on the Haitian Revolution. Memoir of General Toussaint LOuverture The autobiography of Toussaint LOuverture is a primary source as it was written by the revolutionary leader himself during his life. LOuverture wrote this account of the revolution and his role in it after the Haitian Revolution while he was in prison in 1803. This autobiography is significant to this investigation because it directly tells his account of the events and will be important in investigating LOuvertures role in the revolution. This document contains value for its origin because it is a first hand account of an important historical figure. The autobiography begins with LOuverture stating that he was commanded by the French government to give a truthful account and reflection, thus giving it its value from purpose. This source also has value from its content because LOuverture discusses battles, important figures, and communications between nations and leaders in great detail. This document is limited by its origin because LOuverture originally wrote this autobiography in French so the document in examination is a translation. A limitation in its purpose is that it was written to account the Haitian side of the conflict and therefore is biased because he was only examining one side. A limitation in its content is that this document is only one mans view and it does not present anything from the opposing French view. A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution The next source is a book on the history of the Haitian Revolution written by Popkins, an American professor and scholar. It was published in 2012, long after the events of the Haitian Revolution, and it is all based on archival research so it is a secondary source. This significance of this document to this investigation is that it will provide a big picture account and analysis of the Haitian Revolution and of Toussaint LOuvertures role. This source has value because it was created for the purpose of historical accuracy and looking at multiple views. Additionally, this source has value for its origin because the author had no personal connection to the events, eliminating potential bias due to the author belonging to one side of the conflict. The author is also stated to be an expert in French and Haitian history, further eliminating bias because of limited knowledge. A value in its content is that this book examines interpretations from many different sources. A limitation by the content of this source is that the author has no personal knowledge of the events of the Haitian Revolution or of Toussaint LOuverture. The source is also limited by its origin because it was created a long time after the events it covers. Additionally, it is limited because it was created for the purpose of making a concise overview of the Haitian Revolution, limiting the detail and specific knowledge included in it. Part B: Investigation Word count: 1255 The Haitian Revolution was a bloody uprising and the only successful slave revolt in history (Girard 28) . Haiti was a French slave colony until the slaves revolted against France. The revolution resulted in the liberation of the slave population and the creation of a black republic. The slaves had no formal organization and therefore relied on the leadership of one man: Toussaint LOuverture. General LOuverture was of African heritage, speaking a native African tongue as well as French (Myers 6). His life as a slave gradually improved as he was promoted to higher positions and was allowed to live a comfortable lifestyle, including family life, profit, and education (Rainsford 243). His access to education and literature was crucial to his ability to lead militarily and politically. He gained his freedom after fifty years of slavery, by which time he had developed strongly rooted ideals about his race and their emancipation (Beard 22). When the slave revolts began, LOuverture did not immediately join the fight and instead, seeing how brutal the uprising slaves were, decided to be patient (Rainsford 246). This demonstrates that LOuverture did not have any role in beginning the slave revolts because he did not join the cause until later. Once he did join the fight, he served as a soldier, and soon was promoted to various leadership roles, under a general known for his brutality (246). At this time, the slaves were filled with rage and passion and they carried out violent attacks. LOuverture saw this and realized that change was not going to come about in this manner. (244). This knowledge laid the basis for LOuvertures level headed approach to war and politics. The slave revolts were generally disorganized and haphazard (Rainsford 243), as none of these slaves had military or political training, let alone basic education. LOuverture joined the revolt equipped with the knowledge to lead a military and political uprising and the character to solicit followers (Rainsford 244). LOuverture had much success as a general fighting the French and a as a nation builder. He claims in his autobiography that the peace and economic success of the island were all [his] work (Louverture Memoir 295). It would seem that LOuvertures leadership had created a functioning society out of a slave state. Haiti had a working economy under his leadership because he focused the economy on the agricultural production which had been the status quo during French rule when the island produced large amount of coffee and sugar for Europe (295). Although many Haitians were angry with the relatively unchanged economy, it worked to stabilize the infant nation (Rainsford 240). General LOuverture was very successful at leading the slave armies. Along with his assisting generals, Christophe and Dessalines, he was able to pressure all British forces who were at the time in conflict with the revolutionaries to withdraw from the island (Bell 114). He was also very successful in negotiating with the French General Leclerc, who misrepresented Frances orders by attacking LOuverture and his forces. LOuverture was able to calmly respond by arranging a diplomatic meeting and creating a resolution about territorial boundaries, proving his advanced diplomatic ability (Louverture Memoir 296). He also proved advanced military ability by defending cities against French Gen. Rochambeau. One specific battle was at La Croix, during which LOuverture fought off Rochambeaus force which far outnumbered his own (304). Dessalines and Christophe also proved very capable and they worked cohesively with each other and with LOuverture (301).ÂÂ   LOuvertures leadership empowere d the Haitian people and the slave armies and his reputation had such a lasting effect that he became a heroic figure for anti slavery activism in the U.S. He was described by some activists in the mid-1800s as being among historys greatest men (Clavin 38).ÂÂ   His character became a symbol of anti slavery idealism and, on a larger scale, of racial equality (35). LOuverture was proof of the ability of black men to achieve feats comparable to white men, showing that the races were equal (38). His success had revolutionary implications because this was the first time a black slave population had ousted a white population (Popkins 6). It is consistently accepted by the preceding sources that LOuverture is the man who lead the Haitians to freedom and the start of an independent nation. However, LOuverture had no role in declaring the independence of the nation because at the time he was in prison in France. In 1802 LOuverture was imprisoned by France until his death in 1803 (Louverture Memoir 305). Thus, he was absent during the finals days of the revolution. After his imprisonment, Christophe and Dessalines continued the fight and forced out the French armies of Rochambeau and Leclerc (Dubois 41). It was Dessalines, in fact, who officially declared Haitis independence and named the nation (History.com). Popkins book, A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution, discusses the less romantic side of LOuvertures rule. LOuverture put in place an authoritarian government with the goal of protecting the freedom of the black population, with himself as the head figure (Popkins 90). The new government had to be able to pro tect the people from other revolts within the nation, as well as from invasion from other nations (91). The fact that there were other revolts within Haiti itself demonstrates that LOuverture was not completely successful at achieving unity. In a letter to the people of Haiti, LOuverture says that some of the Haitians provoke the disunity of citizens and the disorganization of the current state of affairs, showing that the country was not unified (LOuverture Letter). LOuverture implemented increasingly violent means to maintain his authority, because the Haitian people did not wish to cooperate with him and in fact, many resented his authority (Popkins 91). Popkins work tells the events from a different angle than the previously discussed sources. While Popkins is not directly contradicting Clavins statement that LOuverture was a great man, he provides us with some contradictory evidence of LOuvertures political achievement (Clavin 38). It becomes clear, then, that LOuvertures leade rship was not flawless, as it is portrayed in some ideological accounts of the man. In summary, Toussaint LOuverture was a qualified leader who rose to command the slave armies of the Haitian Revolution. He played an important role in unifying the slave armies as well as building a functioning nation. LOuverture was crucial in organizing the Haitians in revolution against the French and his authoritarian rule kept the nation together despite internal conflict. His character was admired by Haitians at the time and by American anti slavery activists. The general, however, does not play the singular role of Haitian liberator. LOuverture had no role in the beginning of the revolutionary cause, and he had no role in the declaring of independence. Furthermore, there are contrasting views of LOuverture: as an idealized hero and as an authoritarian ruler. Many authors write of the general as an impressive man and a symbol of racial equality, yet there is also evidence of him being violent and unsuccessful in unification. To LOuvertures credit, the local situation was far to o combustible for gradual reform, and he did all that any man could to stabilize the nation (Brown 4). He did more than any other one person did in the efforts to establish the free nation of Haiti. In conclusion, General Toussaint LOuverture was a pivotal figure in the success of the slave armies and in the building of the Haitian nation, but he did not lead the Haitian slaves completely from oppression to republic. Part C: Reflection Word count: 412 In my investigation, I discovered that the modern-day view of Toussaint LOuverture is one of an idealized hero. His image has been used by many biographers to support anti slavery movements and to explore racial equality. Many secondary accounts of LOuverture give the man high praise and essentially create him as an ideological figure rather than a historical figure. While this situation provides ample works praising LOuverture, it creates an issue in which it is challenging for historians to find purely factual accounts as well as opposing accounts of his role in the Haitian Revolution. I examined primary and secondary sources in my investigation. The secondary sources proved valuable in that they provide big picture looks at the events surround LOuverture and the revolution. The primary source of LOuvertures memoir proved valuable because it provided first hand accounts of events which are likely to be accurate and truthful. I was challenged with my primary source because it provid e only small areas of information, lacking the big picture view of the Haitian revolution which I found in my secondary sources. I learned from this the challenges that historians face when creating secondary historical works based on primary sources. When doing my research, I located the parts of each work dealing specifically with Toussaint LOuverture. Some of my sources covered much more than my area of focus so I had to limit where I looked within each source. I then organized my sources by their purpose in my investigation: information on Toussaints life, positive views of his leadership, and skeptical views of his leadership. While in many areas of research facts can be obtained with pure objectivity, historical research does not have this luxury. In my investigation I gained awareness of the challenges historians face in finding accurate information. Historical archive-based research is challenging because all works contain some level of bias. Another issue I faced is that there is limited documentation available addressing the opposing sides to the Haitian Revolution. This is because the French and European people paid little attention to the slave revolts at the time (Popkins 10). This leaves historians with a limited scope of documentation from which to create secondary accounts. It is the role of the historian to discern the accuracy of sources by evaluating their value and limitations, which I did in my own investigation. I also learned from my investigation that the significance of historical figures may change over time due to historians purposes for writing. Works Cited Beard, John Relly. The Life of Toussaint LOuverture, the Negro Patriot of Hayti: Comprising anÂÂ   Account of the Struggle for Liberty in the Island, and a Sketch of Its History to the Present Period. Chapel Hill, NC: U of North Carolina, 2012. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Bell, Madison Smartt. Toussaint Louverture: A Biography. New York: Pantheon, 2007. Print. Beard, J. R., and James Redpath. Toussaint LOuverture: A Biography and Autobiography. Freeport, NY: for Libraries, 1971. Print. Brown, Gordon S. Toussaints Clause: The Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution. Jackson, MS: U of Mississippi, 2005. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Clavin, Matthew J. Toussaint Louverture and the American Civil War: The Promise and Peril of a Second Haitian Revolution. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania, 2010. Questia School. Web. 28 Mar. 2016. Dubois, Laurent. Haiti: The Aftershocks of History. New York: Metropolitan, 2012. Print. Girard, Philippe R. Haiti: The Tumultuous Historyfrom Pearl of the Caribbean to Broken Nation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. History.com Staff. Haitian Independence Proclaimed. History.com. AE Television Networks, 2010. Web. 11 Apr. 2016. LOuverture, Toussaint. Letter to the Citizens of Color and Free Negroes of Saint-Domingue by Haiti 1791. Themarxists.org. Trans. Mitch Abidor. Marxists.org, 2007. Web. 09 Apr. 2016. Louverture, Toussaint. Memoir of Toussaint LOuverture. Boston: James Redpath, 1863. Print. Myers, Walter Dean, and Jacob Lawrence. Toussaint LOuverture: The Fight for Haitis Freedom. New York: Simon Schuster for Young Readers, 1996. Print. Popkin, Jeremy D. A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Questia School. Web. 15 Mar. 2016. Rainsford, Marcus. An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti Comprehending a View of the Principal Transactions in the Revolution of Saint Domingo, with Its Antient and Modern State. London: J. Cundee, 1805. Print.

Use of the Sun and the Moon in Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay

Both Sun and Moon play significant roles in this old poem, in a symbolic and supernatural way, in order to reinforce the mood that Samuel Taylor Coleridge has attempted to create in his use of old legends and superstitions. The role that the sun and moon play in this tale of cursed sailors is an old one, retold over and over the years that Coleridge adapted for his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although mentioned several times before, the Sun makes its first significant appearance in the seventh stanza of the second part. Before then, one will find both Sun and Moon mentioned many times purely for the reader’s enrichment. The repeated mention leads the reader to believe that it will soon become important by foreshadowing without making it of any greater appearance than mentioning it to describe the scenery in the aforementioned place in the poem. Here Coleridge describes the Sun as â€Å"The bloody Sun, at noon†. This use of capitalizing such a common word as Sun only goes further to tell the reader to keep an eye out for something not quite right there. For those unfamiliar with old sailors’ traditions, they may either skip right over this passage, or read too much into it as a sign of impending doom. An old phrase arises from the history books to describe this perfectly that reads, â€Å"Red sky at night, sailor’s delight, Red sjy at morning, sailor take warning.† When one takes a closer look at this, they might see that it describes storm patterns, but when one realises that t...